Electron energy-loss spectrometry on lithiated graphite

Transmission electron energy-loss spectrometry was used to investigate the electronic states of metallic Li and LiC6, which is the Li-intercalated graphite used in Li-ion batteries. The Li K edges of metallic Li and LiC6 were nearly identical, and the C K edges were only weakly affected by the presence of Li. These results suggest only a small charge transfer from Li to C in LiC6, contrary to prior results from surface spectra obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Effects of radiation damage and sample oxidation in the transmission electron microscopy are also reported

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) from the Research Center Nataima (Tolima-Colombia)

P?ginas 11-18En el Centro de Investigaci?n Nataima (Tolima, Colombia) durante abril y mayo de 2009 se realiz? un inventario de las mariposas diurnas presentes en cuatro diferentes lotes cultivados. Se coleccionaron 209 individuos pertenecientes a seis familias y 26 especies; Anartia jatrophae fue la m?s abundante (15 %). En el caso de Siproeta stelenes su abudancia es debida a las preferencias alimenticias de los adultos, mientras que para A. jatrophae, por su capacidad de desplazar otras especies de mariposas. El an?lisis de rarefacci?n demostr? que el n?mero de especies registrado no se aproxima a la riqueza real (X2 = 8.62, g.l = 7, p < 0.001), por lo que es necesario muestreos intensivos. Los valores de riqueza y diversidad fueron mayores en los lotes con vegetaci?n m?s heterog?nea. Los an?lisis de similaridad de Jaccard evindencian una baja afinidad (<21 %) en la comunidad de mariposas entre los lotes y ?pocas evaludas (abril y mayo).ABSTRACT. A survey of diurnal butterflies was carried out in four different crops, in the Nataima Research Center (Tolima, Colombia) during April and May 2009. A total of 209 specimens belonging to six families and 26 species were collected, Anartia jatrophae was the most abundant (15 %). The abundance of Siproeta stelenes is due to food preferences by adults, meanwhile A. jatrophae?s is because of its ability to displace other species of butterflies. The rarefaction analysis showed that the number of recorded species does not approach the real richness (X2 = 8.62, g.l = 7 p<0.001), requiring more intensive sampling. The richness and diversity values were higher in crops with more heterogeneous vegetation. Jaccard similarity analyses demonstrated a low affinity (<21 %) in the community of butterflies among the lots and periods evaluated (April and May)

Proyecto de novela gr?fica: Las cuatro fases de Eva

55 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLas cuatro fases de Eva es un proyecto de novela gr?fica que se divide en cuatro cap?tulos, una luna por cada cual (luna nueva, luna creciente, luna llena y luna menguante). A partir de una pregunta base se empiezan a establecer diversos cuestionamientos sobre el lugar que ocupo dentro de esta sociedad, asimismo el ejercicio me abastece de m?ltiples posibilidades que voy desarrollando a lo largo del proceso de creaci?n e investigaci?n para construir una propuesta pl?stica. Palabras claves: SociedadThe four phases of Eve is a project of graphic novel that is divided into four chapters, a moon for each (new moon, waxing moon, full moon and waning moon). From a question base begin to establish various inquiries about the place I occupy in this society, also the exercise supplies me many possibilities that I developed throughout the process of creation and research to build a proposal plastic. Keywords: Societ

Estrategias participativas para la escuela de padres de los estudiantes del grado 5-1 de la Instituci?n Educativa T?cnica Ni?a Mar?a del Municipio Fresno - Tolima

134 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl presente trabajo de investigaci?n se ocupa de valorar el nivel de participaci?n de los padres de familia en el proceso educativo de los estudiantes del grado 5-1 de la Jornada Tarde de la Instituci?n Educativa T?cnica Ni?a Mar?a del Municipio de Fresno - Tolima, contrast?ndolo con el cumplimiento de los estudiantes en actividades y tareas extraescolares, el rendimiento acad?mico y a partir de este an?lisis, proponer estrategias participativas como la escuela de padres con el fin de vincular a los mismos en las actividades escolares y formativas de sus hijos, mejorando as? la relaci?n existente entre familia - escuela que se ha visto afectada por la poca comunicaci?n que se genera en estos ambientes. Es por ello que se hace necesario realizar un trabajo investigativo en donde se toman como instrumentos la entrevista grupal aplicada a los estudiantes del grado 5-1, las encuestas aplicadas a los docentes del grado en referencia, as? como a padres de familia, desde los cuales se puede construir una propuesta de transformaci?n necesaria y pertinente entre escuela y familia, para el beneficio en la formaci?n intelectual, social, moral y volitiva de los estudiantes de este grado. Palabras Clave: Rendimiento Escolar, Escuela de Padres, Estrategias participativas.This research work is concerned with assessing the level of participation of parents in the educational process of students in grade 5-1 of the Afternoon Journey of the Technical Educational Institution of Ni?a Mar?a in the Municipality of Fresno - Tolima, contrasting it with students 'compliance with extracurricular activities and tasks, academic performance and, based on this analysis, propose participatory strategies such as the parents' school in order to link them to their children's school and training activities, thus improving the relationship existing between family - school that has been affected by the little communication that is generated in these environments. That is why it is necessary to carry out a research work where the group interview applied to students of grade 5-1 is taken as an instrument, the surveys applied to the teachers of the grade in reference, as well as to parents, from the which can be constructed a proposal of necessary and pertinent transformation between school and family, for the benefit in the intellectual, social, moral and volitional formation of the students of this degree. Keywords: School Performance, Parent School, Participatory Strategies

Volumetric study of the maxillary sinus in patients with sinus pathology

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is 1) to obtain the area and volumes of the maxillary sinuses in patients affected by clinically unilateral sinus pathology by comparing the results to the contralateral sinus and 2) to determine the importance of the volumetric measures when diagnosing the percentage of sinus obliteration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-centre observational retrospective clinical study was conducted in 214 patients with clinically unilateral sinus pathologies. Linear (mm), area (mm2) and volume (mm3) measurements were taken from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of the affected sinus as well as from the contralateral ones. Histopathological study was performed using haematoxylin/eosin and PAS or Groccot stains. The lesions were classified into non-specific sinusitis, polyps, inverted papilloma, fungal sinusitis, cysts, mucocele and other lesions. Chi-squared test, ANOVA for independent samples and Pearson test were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 100 sinuses were measured in 50 patients (28 men and 22 women, with an age of 43.6 years (SD = 18.3), 50 pathological and 50 healthy contralateral sinuses. The three-dimensional occupation volume of the affected sinuses was 97.1 mm3 (62.5%) vs. 40.6 mm3 (22.8%) in the healthy ones (p<0.0001). The medial-lateral width of the sinus in the frontal plane was significantly higher in the cysts group (32.4 mm, CI: 23-41.8 mm). CONCLUSION: In medical terms, the global percentage of occupation determined using the classic manual determination method does not differ from the three-dimensional percentage calculated using specific complex software

White Lines and 3d-Occupancy for the 3d Transition-Metal Oxides

Electron energy-loss spectrometry was employed to measure the white lines at the L23 absorption edges of the 3d transition-metal oxides and lithium transition-metal oxides. The white-line ratio (L3/L2) was found to increase between d^0 and d^5 and decrease between d^5 and d^10, consistent with previous results for the transition metals and their oxides. The intensities of the white lines, normalized to the post-edge background, are linear for the 3d transition-metal oxides and lithium transition-metal oxides. An empirical correlation between normalized white-line intensity and 3d occupancy is established. It provides a method for measuring changes in the 3d-state occupancy. As an example, this empirical relationship is used to measure changes in the transition-metal valences of Li_{1-x}Ni_{0.8}Co_{0.2}O_2 in the range of 0 < x < 0.64. In these experiments the 3d occupancy of the nickel ion decreased upon lithium deintercalation, while the cobalt valence remained constant.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

Effect of antiseptic gels in the microbiologic colonization of the suture threads after oral surgery

Three different bioadhesive gels were evaluated in a double-blind randomized clinical trial in which microbial growth in the suture thread was assessed following post-surgical application of the aforementioned gels. Also assessed in this trial were, the intensity of post-surgical pain as well as the degree of healing of the patients' surgical wounds. A total of 21 patients (with 42 wisdom teeth) participated in this trial. Chlorhexidine gel, chlorhexidine-chitosan gel, and hyaluronic acid gel were evaluated, with a neutral water-based gel serving as the control agent. The aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial recovery on blood agar was lower in the placebo group than in the experimental groups. The most significant difference (p = 0.04) was observed in the chlorhexidine-chitosan group. in which the growth of Blood Agar and Mitis Salivarius Agar was significantly higher than in the placebo group. The intensity of post-surgical pain was very similar among all the groups. Significantly better healing rates were observed in the patients treated with chlorhexidine-chitosan gel when compared with those who used the placebo gel (p = 0.03), and in particular when compared with those patients who used hyaluronic acid gel (p = 0.01). Through our microbiological analyses, we were able to conclude that none of the bioadhesive gels tested resulted in beneficial reductions in the bacterial/fungal populations. However, the healing rates of patients who were treated with chlorhexidine-chitosan were better than those of the patients who used either the placebo gel or the hyaluronic acid gel

Caracterizaci?n del uso acad?mico de las TIC en la ense?anza del ingl?s por parte de los docentes del grado d?cimo del Colegio San Sim?n de Ibagu?, Tolima

101 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEste proyecto de investigaci?n fue elaborado en el marco del programa de la maestr?a en educaci?n, adscrita a la facultad de educaci?n de la Universidad del Tolima, tiene como idea central el estudio de la utilizaci?n de las TIC dentro del campo educativo, particularmente en la ense?anza del ingl?s, y como objetivo principal caracterizar el uso acad?mico de las TIC en la ense?anza del ingl?s por parte de los profesores del grado d?cimo del Colegio San Sim?n de Ibagu?. Adem?s de lo anterior, se hace un an?lisis acerca de las razones por los cuales los docentes hacen o no uso de estas herramientas tecnol?gicas. La propuesta referida aqu?, tiene un enfoque metodol?gico cualitativo con t?cnicas de investigaci?n descriptiva, utilizando el dise?o de un cuestionario. La poblaci?n estuvo conformada por los docentes de la instituci?n educativa San Sim?n, la cual es de car?cter p?blico y la muestra integrada por los docentes de ingl?s del nivel de b?sica secundaria quienes orientan en el grado d?cimo, jornada ma?ana. Como sustento te?rico la propuesta se fundamenta en la teor?a del aprendizaje colaborativo con apoyo de mediaciones tecnol?gicas. Aqu? se resaltan las ideas de Vigotsky (1979) sobre La Zona de Desarrollo Pr?ximo (ZDP), la capacitaci?n docente en TIC planteada por Corica (2009) y la ense?anza del ingl?s mediada por las herramientas tecnol?gicas expuestas por Dudeney (2007). Por otro lado, durante el desarrollo de esta investigaci?n el autor de la misma alcanz? a identificar las fortalezas y debilidades frente al uso de las TIC por parte de los docentes de la instituci?n educativa se?alada. Hoy m?s que nunca existe consenso en que las TIC constituyen una herramienta fundamental e indispensable para la gesti?n, apropiaci?n y uso del conocimiento en el proceso de ense?anza- aprendizaje en la diferentes ?reas de la escuela, particularmente en el ingl?s. De ah? la importancia que reviste el dominio de estas tecnolog?as por parte de los docente, particularmente para el dise?o de las tareas escolares, las cuales constituyen el ADN del proceso de ense?anza-aprendizaje, pues son las que permiten que el estudiante se apropie del contenido, de los m?todos, de los medios, y todo aquello que lleve al desarrollo de las competencias previstas por el docente. Palabras claves: TIC, educaci?n, aprendizaje, herramienta pedag?gica, docenteThis research project was creating during the Master of Education program, subscribed to the Faculty of Education at Tolima University, it has as a main idea, the study of ICT use in the education context, mainly in the English teaching and its main objective to characterize the useful of ICT in English teaching by tenth grade teachers of the high school San Simon from Ibagu?; also, its aim is to know the reasons whereby the teachers use or not these technological tools. This proposal has a methodological qualitative perspective with descriptive research techniques, such as the questionnaire design. The population was integrated by the teachers of San Simon public school. The sample was given by the English teachers of basic secondary level, who teach in tenth grade during the day morning. As a theoretical foundation, the proposal is based on the collaborative learning theory with the support of technological mediations. It is highlighted the Vygotsky ideas (1979) about, zone of proximal development (ZDP), teacher training in ICT proposed by Corica (2009) and the teaching of English mediated by the technological tools exposed by Dudeney (2007). On the other hand, during the development of this research, the researcher could identify the strengths and weaknesses of the ICT use in this institution. Today as never, a great idea exists that ICT are important tools to management, appropriation and use of the knowledge in the learning-teaching process in different areas of the school, especially the English one. Hence, the importance of mastering these technologies by teachers, mainly in the design of tasks, which constitute the DNA of the learning-teaching process; through those, the students can appropriate of the contents, methods, and everything that guide the development of competences that teachers consider relevant. Key words: ICT, education, teaching, learning, pedagogical tool, teacher